[Screening of an Armillaria gallica strain for Gastrodia elata cultivation].

This study aims to screen a strain from Armillaria for the cultivation of Gastrodia elata. Specifically, Armillaria strains were isolated from different producing areas of G. elata and identified. Based on the growth characteristics of the strains and the experiment on the cultivation of G. elata, an optimal A. gallica strain was screened out. The specific process is as follows. The fungus-gro-wing materials of G. elata were collected from four producing areas and the Armillaria strains were isolated(G,Y,S,H). The strains were then identified based on morphological observation and phylogeny analysis and the commonly used strains were determined. The sucrase genotypes of the strains were identified according to our previous research findings, and the growth characteristics of the strains, such as growth rate, diameter, dry weight, and polysaccharide content of the rhizomorphs, were measured. According to the biological characteristics and sucrase genotypes, two strains were selected for the cultivation of G. elata. The tuber yield and the content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in the tuber of G. elata were measured to select the optimal strain. The results showed that the four strains were all A. gallica. The rhizomorphs of strains G and H of the same sucrase genotype had larger/higher length, growth rate, diameter, branch number, dry weight, and polysaccharide content than those of strains S and Y of the same sucrase genotype. The tuber yield and the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in tuber of G. elata cultivated with strain H were 6.528 kg·m~(-2) and 0.566%, respectively, which were 4.58 and 1.30 folds those of G. elata cultivated with strain S. Strains H and S were screened out from four strains of A. gallica based on the growth characteristics and sucrase genotype. According to the tuber yield and content of total gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in the tuber of G. elata, strain H was identified as the optimal one. The findings in this study are expected to lay a basis for cultivating G. elata with high yield and quality of tubers.

[Identification of Gastrodia elata and its hybrid by polymerase chain reaction].

Gastrodia elata is a kind of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and has good medicinal value. G. elata is divided into five varieties, which includes G. elata f. elata(proto variant), G. elata f. glauca, G. elata f. viridis, G. elata f. flavid and G. elata f. alba. Among them, G. elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca have excellent characteristics and higher contents of gastrodin and polysaccharides. The hybrid of G. elata f. elata and G. elata f. glauca is present in markets, but the characteristics between hybrid and parent are not obvious and distinguished quickly and accurately. The aim of this study is to establish a PCR specific PCR identification method, which can identify G. elata f. elata, G. elata f. glauca and their hybrid. Based on the re-sequencing results of G. elata, we screened for the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) variation sites, and designed two pairs of specific primers(W291-F/W291-R and H255-F/H255-R). We further collected G. elata f. elata, G. elata f. glauca and their hybrid samples from different regions, established and optimized PCR method, and investigated and verified their tolerance and applicability. The results showed that when the annealing temperature was 48 ℃ and the number of cycles was 33, 255 bp specific band were obtained from G. elata f. glauca and hybrid by using specific primers W291-F/W291-R. When the annealing temperature was 51 ℃ and the number of cycles was 33, 291 bp specific band were obtained from G. elata f. elata and hybrid by using specific primers H255-F/H255-R. Our method could be used as a promising method to identify G. elata f. elata, G. elata f. glauca and their hybrid.

Predicting the outcome of acute pulmonary embolism by dynamic changes of the QRS complex in lead V1.

Electrocardiography can provide useful prognostic information in acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Several abnormal QRS changes in lead V1, including notched or fragmented QRS, incomplete or complete right bundle branch block (IRBBB or CRBBB) and the QR sign, which are associated with APE, are of prognostic significance. To illustrate this, we describe lead V1 QRS changes in combination with the clinical state of six APE patients. The dynamic ECG changes suggest that a change from a diminution of the S wave amplitude to notched S wave, next to RBBB and then to the QR sign indicate worsening of the patients' condition, and vice versa. Also, a diminution of the S wave amplitude in lead V1 associated with a final R' wave in the right precordial accessory leads indicates the possibility of hidden RBBB. Understanding dynamic QRS changes in APE may aid in risk stratification.

Electrocardiographic findings of acute total occlusion associated with a sub-occlusion involving the left anterior descending and the right coronary artery.

BACKGROUND: The ECG characteristics of simultaneous acute occlusion/sub-occlusion of two coronary arteries involving the left anterior descending (LAD) and right (RCA) coronary artery have been rarely described in the literature. METHODS: We present two patient cases, where one of the arteries was totally occluded and the other one had a sub-occlusion with severely limited flow to demonstrate the ECG characteristics of this severe presentation of acute coronary syndrome. RESULTS: Two ECG patterns suggested simultaneous occlusions of the RCA and LAD. One pattern was ST-segment elevation (STE) in lead III higher than in lead II with concomitant STE in leads V3-V4. The other pattern was STE in lead III higher than in lead II with the concomitant Dressler - de Winter ECG pattern in leads V2-V4. CONCLUSIONS: We present two ECG presentations of simultaneous RCA and LAD occlusion/sub-occlusion. We consider these ECG features as high-risk markers in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

[Observation on effects of hepatitis B vaccine immunization for 12 years in children in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term protective effects of hepatitis B vaccine after immunizing to the children for 12 years in Beijing. METHODS: The multiple stratified cluster sampling was used in this epidemiological survey. The sampling children's blood serum HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were checked and measured by the solid phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA). The serological level of these index and the causes of the children with HBsAg positive were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 2,419 cases 3-12 years-old children immunized with the hepatitis B vaccine in infant period were surveyed and the total HBsAg positive rate was 0.52%. The vaccine protective rate was 88.45% (95% CI: 65.67%-97.89%). The total anti-HBc positive rate was 2.21%, being no statistical significance among the age groups. The average anti-HBs positive rate of 3-6 years-old children immunized with gene recombining vaccine was 38.79% and descending greatly following the age's dropping. The geometric means of anti-HBs serological titer (GMT) was 52.83 mIU/ml, showing no statistical significance among the age groups. The average anti-HBs positive rate of 6-12 years-old children immunized with the blood rooting vaccine was 50.79%. The geometric means of anti-HBs serological titer (GMT) was 61.51 mIU/ml. There were no statistical significances among the age groups. Among the HBsAg positive children, more than 50% of the children's mothers were HBsAg positive also. CONCLUSIONS: The protective effects given by immunization were significant after the hepatitis B vaccine vaccination for 12 years in Beijing. The booster immunization was not necessary, because the HBsAg positive rate didn't ascend obviously as the immunization time prolonging. As the anti-HBs positive rate of children who were immunized by the gene recombining vaccine might be descending following the age's dropping greatly, we should strengthen the serological surveillance of hepatitis B. The main cause that the children became the HBsAg carrier should be a vertical transmission.

[Study on the afficacy of hepatitis B immunization among youngsters in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluating the epidemiological effect after hepatitis B immunization among youngsters in Beijing. METHODS: A multistage sampling method was used for data collection from immunization cards, reports on field epidemiological survey on hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization of youngsters and the analysis of infectious diseases. HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc levels were detected by solid phase radioimmunoassays (SPRIA). RESULTS: The average incidence rates of hepatitis B in 10 - 19 years-olds prior to HBV immunization was 12.11-16.89/100 000, while declined to 1.78-10.95/100 000 (chi(2) = 10.71 - 60.45, P < 0.01). HBsAg carrying rate of the youngsters decreased from 6.34% to 1.37% (80.00%) after vaccination (chi(2) = 14.16, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B vaccination among youngsters is an effective measure for the prevention and control of hepatitis B virus infection.

[Epidemiological effect of hepatitis B immunization among newborn babies in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological effect of hepatitis B immunization among newborn babies in Beijing. METHODS: A multistage sampling method was used for the collection of immunization cards, field epidemiological survey on hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization of children, analysis of infectious disease reports. HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc levels were detected by solid phase radioimmunoassays (SPRIA). RESULTS: The incidence of hepatitis B in children of 0 to 14 years at the beginning of HBV immunization was 18.59 to 20.52/100,000, and declined to 0.39 to 2.38/100,000 in 2000 (chi2 = 58.26, P < 0.01). The HBsAg carrying rate of the children decreased from 2.82% to 0.60%, about 80.00% after vaccination (chi2 = 10.75, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B vaccination of newborn babies is an effective measure for prevention and control of hepatitis B virus infection.